英语数字时间表达
语言首先是一种交流的工具。人们在日常生活中,主要通过四种方式来实现这种交流功能,即:听,说,读,写。据专家统计,听和说在人们的交际中所占的比率最大,分别为45%和38%。听和说是语言活动中最重要的功能,然而它们也恰恰是我国英语教学中最难解决的方面。听是吸收,是输入;说是释放,是输出。只有听的清楚,听的明白,才能说的标准
,说的流畅;而也只有说的流畅,说的自然,才能听的明白,听的自如。听和说是相互联系,相辅相成的。
一、数字表达类(Numbers)
1.英语中纯数字的表达方法
小数和分数:
0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen
1/2one half
1/3one /a third
3/4three fourths
72/5seven and two fifths
大于100的数字:
101one hundred (and ) one
200two hundred
998nine hundred ( and ) ninetyeight
在英语中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美国英语中却往往省去。请分析下面的对话:
A:How many people are killed in the terroristsattacking at America?
B: That's nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.
A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?
B: Ha, ha... surely I am joking. You silly goose.
大于1000的数字:
1001a/one thousand (and) one
2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirtytwo
900,732,266,043
nine hundred billion seven hundred thirtytwo million two hundred sixtysix thousand and forty three
英语中一千以上数字的表达方法是以三位数为单元,从高到低billion,million,thousand而依次读出的。因此我们在听时,可以三位数三位数地记录。试比较下面的对话:
A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?
B:One billion four hundred thirtytwo million two hundred sixtysix thousand and forty three.
A:Thank you very much.
2.英语中时间的表达方法
英语中时间的表达方法主要有直接法和借用介词法等。
(1)直接法。
上午八点eight AM (a.m.)[eiem]
下午九点nine PM (p.m.)[piem]
六点六分six six
六点三十二six thirty two
八点正eight oclock
(2)借用介词法。
八点四十五a quarter to nine
七点零五分five past seven
七点五十四six to eight
六点半half past six
(3)表示正点的用法。
十一点正at 11 oclock sharp
at 11 oclock on the hour
at 11 oclock on the strike
正午12点at noon
午夜12点at midnight
(注:12点22分可读作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式说法);twenty-two after twelve(美式说法)
1点15可读作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式说法):a quarter after one(美英说法)
8点50分可读作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式说法);ten before nine(美式说法)
1点40分可读作:one forty; twenty to two(英式说法);twenty before two(美式说法)
“提前半小时”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等来表示。)
时间表示法和时段的简单运算是听力考试的热点,请看下面的对话:
W: How long does the class usually last?
M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So...
W: That is fortyfive minutes. Thank you very much!
Q: When does the class usually start?
3.英语中货币的表达方法
英国货币:penny(便士)/pence (penny的复数),pound (£)
£20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以简单地写作:twenty fifty
美国货币:
1美元钞票a S|1.00 bill
1 dollar=100 cents
(S|1.00=one dollar)
(S|2.00=two dollars)
25美分1 quarter
10美分1 dime
5美元1 nickel
1美分1 penny
S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.
(注:表示正常价格: regular price, normal price.
表示价格划算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.
表示价格较贵:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.
表示价格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.
表示减价出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.
词组:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)
4.英语中关于数字及其计算的听力考点
(1)数字辨别:
有关数字辨别的一个关键考点就是类似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的听音,看大家能否听出其发音区别。听力理解中难以分辨的基数词主要有以下几对:
thirteen与thirty; fourteen与forty; fifteen与fifty; sixteen与sixty; seventeen与seventy;eighteen与eighty; nineteen与ninety,在英文中这几对数词叫做teens and tens(十几与几十)。
不管加减还是乘除,这类题中至少会出现两个数字,你的任务就是迅速地判断这两者的关系,然后根据听音再确定正确选项。
(2)加减法计算:
在需要简单的加减法计算的题型中,对话中至少出现两个数字,它们之间的关系往往用“多少”、“迟早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容词、副词或介词短语等来表达。还要注意一些能够表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词,这些动词也能确定数字之间的加减关系,例如:
be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。
大家还应该记住下面这些表示加减关系的词:
more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(减去),minus(减去)
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