Monday, April 9, 2007

英语数字-时间-钱等表达方式

英语数字时间表达

  语言首先是一种交流的工具。人们在日常生活中,主要通过四种方式来实现这种交流功能,即:听,说,读,写。据专家统计,听和说在人们的交际中所占的比率最大,分别为45%和38%。听和说是语言活动中最重要的功能,然而它们也恰恰是我国英语教学中最难解决的方面。听是吸收,是输入;说是释放,是输出。只有听的清楚,听的明白,才能说的标准
,说的流畅;而也只有说的流畅,说的自然,才能听的明白,听的自如。听和说是相互联系,相辅相成的。

  一、数字表达类(Numbers)

  1.英语中纯数字的表达方法

  小数和分数:

  0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen

  1/2one half

  1/3one /a third

  3/4three fourths

  72/5seven and two fifths

  大于100的数字:

  101one hundred (and ) one

  200two hundred

  998nine hundred ( and ) ninetyeight

  在英语中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美国英语中却往往省去。请分析下面的对话:

  A:How many people are killed in the terroristsattacking at America?

  B: That's nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.

  A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?

  B: Ha, ha... surely I am joking. You silly goose.

  大于1000的数字:

  1001a/one thousand (and) one

  2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirtytwo

  900,732,266,043

  nine hundred billion seven hundred thirtytwo million two hundred sixtysix thousand and forty three

  英语中一千以上数字的表达方法是以三位数为单元,从高到低billion,million,thousand而依次读出的。因此我们在听时,可以三位数三位数地记录。试比较下面的对话:

  A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?

  B:One billion four hundred thirtytwo million two hundred sixtysix thousand and forty three.

  A:Thank you very much.

  2.英语中时间的表达方法

  英语中时间的表达方法主要有直接法和借用介词法等。

  (1)直接法。

  上午八点eight AM (a.m.)[eiem]

  下午九点nine PM (p.m.)[piem]

  六点六分six six

  六点三十二six thirty two

  八点正eight oclock

  (2)借用介词法。

  八点四十五a quarter to nine

  七点零五分five past seven

  七点五十四six to eight

  六点半half past six

  (3)表示正点的用法。

  十一点正at 11 oclock sharp

  at 11 oclock on the hour

  at 11 oclock on the strike

  正午12点at noon

  午夜12点at midnight

  (注:12点22分可读作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式说法);twenty-two after twelve(美式说法)

  1点15可读作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式说法):a quarter after one(美英说法)

8点50分可读作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式说法);ten before nine(美式说法)

  1点40分可读作:one forty; twenty to two(英式说法);twenty before two(美式说法)

  “提前半小时”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等来表示。)

  时间表示法和时段的简单运算是听力考试的热点,请看下面的对话:

  W: How long does the class usually last?

  M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So...

  W: That is fortyfive minutes. Thank you very much!

  Q: When does the class usually start?

  3.英语中货币的表达方法

  英国货币:penny(便士)/pence (penny的复数),pound (£)

  £20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以简单地写作:twenty fifty

  美国货币:

  1美元钞票a S|1.00 bill

  1 dollar=100 cents

  (S|1.00=one dollar)

  (S|2.00=two dollars)

  25美分1 quarter

  10美分1 dime

  5美元1 nickel

  1美分1 penny

  S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.

  (注:表示正常价格: regular price, normal price.

  表示价格划算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.

  表示价格较贵:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.

  表示价格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.

  表示减价出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.

  词组:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)

  4.英语中关于数字及其计算的听力考点

  (1)数字辨别:

  有关数字辨别的一个关键考点就是类似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的听音,看大家能否听出其发音区别。听力理解中难以分辨的基数词主要有以下几对:

  thirteen与thirty; fourteen与forty; fifteen与fifty; sixteen与sixty; seventeen与seventy;eighteen与eighty; nineteen与ninety,在英文中这几对数词叫做teens and tens(十几与几十)。

  不管加减还是乘除,这类题中至少会出现两个数字,你的任务就是迅速地判断这两者的关系,然后根据听音再确定正确选项。

  (2)加减法计算:

  在需要简单的加减法计算的题型中,对话中至少出现两个数字,它们之间的关系往往用“多少”、“迟早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容词、副词或介词短语等来表达。还要注意一些能够表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词,这些动词也能确定数字之间的加减关系,例如:

  be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。

  大家还应该记住下面这些表示加减关系的词:

  more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(减去),minus(减去)

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